June 14: Whit Tuesday (Tuesday in the Octave of Pentecost), Class I

Borgia apartment fresco, 1492-4

June 13: Whit Monday, Class I

June 12: Feast of Pentecost, Class I, with a Class I Octave



Duccio di Buoninsegna c1308-11



June 11: Vigil of the Pentecost

June 9: SS Primus and Felician

c14th manuscript of the Golden Legend

SS Primus and Felician were brothers martyred around 297 under Diocletian.  Patrician converts, they devoted themselves to serving the poor and prisoners.  When they refused to sacrifice to the gods, they were tortured and subsequently beheaded.

Their relics were translated to the Basilica of St. Stephen in the Round on the Celian Hill in 648, where they remain today.

June 6: St Norbert, Class III

St Norbert, pictured above receiving the Rule of St Augustine from the saint himself, is the founder of the Praemonstatensian (Norbertine) Order.

Born near Colgne in 1080, his father was Count of Gennep.  Ordained a sub-deacon, he lived a life of pleasure, including at court, and declined ordination to the priesthood and even a bishopric.   A near fatal accident, however, led to his conversion.  He undertook to live a life of penance, became a priest, and unsuccessfully attempted to reform the canons of his home town.  For a while he became an itinerant preacher, before being invited to found a religious order by Pope Callixtus II in 1119.

The Norbertines were originally a double order, although men's and women's houses ceased to be co-located later in the middle ages.  Nonetheless, the order of canons and canonesses regular (rather than monks and nuns) grew rapidly, and continues today.

St Norbert was appointed Archbishop of Magdeberg in 1126, where he was a vigorous reformer of church life.  He played an active role in attempts to restore Innocent II to the papacy in the face of schism.  The saint died in 1134.

The reading on the saints life set for Matins can be found on the lecti divina blog from the afternoon before the feast.

June 5: St Boniface OSB, Apostle to Germany, Class III

St Boniface was born around 672 in Devon, St Boniface OSB was actually an English monk called Winfrid until he changed his name when commissioned by the Pope as a missionary in 719. He was made a bishop in 722, and eventually became Archbishop of Germany, which he was primarily responsible for evangelizing.

His methods were, shall we say, rather direct - he famously chopped down Thor's Oak, a pagan sacred tree, daring Thor to strike him down if he was real. The saint is credited with the invention of the Christmas Tree as a replacement symbol for the locals...a classic version of inculturation!

He seems to have also played a key role in the politics of the time, helping the Carolingian dynasty along its way to stardom.

His life has many modern resonances - the picture to the left shows him baptising new converts, but one of his concerns early on was the validity of baptisms being conducted by illiterate priests who couldn't quite get the Trinity to have the correct gender...

He was martyred in 754 at the age of 79 (the lower panel of the picture), making one last attempt to convert Frisia. His attackers were apparently enraged at his destruction of their shrines - their blows cut into a book of the Gospels he held before him.