Rubrics for Lent proper

Just a reminder that from Monday (following the First Sunday of Lent), the Ordinary is of Lent, and the necessary texts for it can be found in the 'of time' section of your Office book.

The Office in Lent

The key points to note are that:

• The antiphons, hymns (at Matins, Lauds and Vespers) and other texts on weekdays are those of the 'ordinary of Lent', to be found in the 'of time' section of Office books (MB 367/MD 190* ff);
• At Lauds and Vespers, the chapters, hymns, responsory and versicle of the Ordinary of Lent replace those in the psalter section, and the canticle antiphons are proper for each day;
• At Prime the antiphon is of Lent;
• At Terce to None the antiphon and chapter is of the season of Lent;
• Each day there are two sets of collects: the first for use from Matins to None; the second for Vespers; and
• When a feast displaces the Lent texts, a commemoration of the day is made at both Lauds and Vespers using the relevant canticle antiphon, versicle of the season and hour, and the collect of the hour of the Lent day.

Class III feasts during Lent: the pre-1962 option

Another key point to note is an important change made in the 1962 rubrics for the Roman breviary, namely reducing all Class III feasts in Lent to commemorations. This was, however, reversed on an optional basis in the decree Cum Sanctissima, at least for selected feasts.

In the Benedictine Office, this change seems to have been made much earlier (it is marked in the 1930 breviary), but it does mean we rarely if ever get to celebrate the feasts of some important saints.

Accordingly, in the Ordo I've given the instructions as per the 1962 rules (ie a commemoration at Lauds only, made by adding the Antiphon, versicle and collect of the feast after the collect of the day, and simply noted the option.

For those who would like to say the three relevant feasts as Class III this year (SS Perpetua and Felicity and St Thomas Aquinas, which both ranked as duplex, and arguably St Frances of Rome, previously a duplex, but reduced to a memorial in the Benedictine, but not Roman, calendar in the twentieth century), I will provide the rubrics later in the week.

Feast of St Gregory the Great

The other oddity this year is that becasue the feast of St Gregory the Great falls on a Sunday, under the 1962 rubrics, his feast is not marked at all in the Office this year.

Given the importance of the saint for Benedictines, this seems to me to be a bizzare outcome. Accordingly, one could reasonably, I think, consider adopting the pre-1962 practice of transferring the feast to the next available day, viz Monday March 13, and I have provided rubrics for this option.

Nocturnale Monasticum: Review

I noted a few days back that a new Nocturnale Monasticum has been released, so thought it might be useful to provide a short review of it.

What it is

The Nocturnale is a joint a joint project of Le Barroux and La Garde monasteries, and essentially provides the sections of the 1963 Monastic Breviary that relate to the Night Office (Matins).

There are two versions - Latin only (one volume), or Latin-French (three volumes).  I'm going to look at the Latin only volume here.

Is it for you?

Before I look at the book itself, let me just say a few things about who its target audience is.

This tome is a wonderful gift to monastic communities who use the 1962 Office and Mass, as well as those who want to say the full Benedictine Office in Latin, since the corresponding two volume breviary is long out of print, extremely difficult to get hold of, and very very expensive when you do find a copy.

For laypeople who use the breviary though, keep in mind that Benedictine Matins is extremely long (depending on the day and season, and whether you say or sing it, it can amount to around the same amount of time again as all the day hours combined, or even more).  So unless you have a lot of spare time, stick to the Diurnal!

Secondly, keep in mind also that it is entirely in Latin.  But if you really do want to tackle Matins, there are other resources around which could help support you using it, such as:

• the Latin-English  Matins Psalter published by Clear Creek; 
• English translations of many of the Patristic readings; and 
• Divinum Officium.
  

Thirdly, and most importantly from my perspective, this book is not, alas, the equivalent of the Antiphonale Monasticum, in that it provides the texts only (aside from an appendix with Te Deum, Te Decet Laus and final blessings).

Contents

The Nocturnale is divided into four sections: Ordinary, Temporale, Psalter, Commons, Sanctorale and Matins of the Dead.

The material is essentially identical to that contained in the 1963 breviary save for some (sensible) reordering of the material, and use of the calendar specific to the Le Barroux group of monasteries.

As Le Barroux includes all of the feasts of the Benedictine General Calendar, as well as quite a few Roman ones as well as some local feasts, the sanctorale is quite rich, including, for example, a few important feasts often now added back by monasteries such as the Most Holy Name of Jesus (Jan 2/Sunday between Circumcision and Epiphany), Finding of Holy Cross (3 May) and Most Precious Blood (1 July).

In a few cases it makes particular choices among options about feasts, but few will quibble with them: St Agnes, for example is Class II, although in the General Calendar it is listed as Class III for monasteries of men; and May 1 is the Solemnity of St Joseph rather than St Joseph the Worker!

Layout and presentation

The print size and layout of the text is, in my view, excellent.  The print size isn't quite as large as Psautier Monastique, but the difference is small, and the type face contrasts well with the yellow colour of the page, working well for my poor eyes!

There are also some sensible reorganisations of the material designed to reduce the number of page turns, such as providing a summary listing of all the Invitatories for days, seasons and Commons in the Ordinary upfront, including some of the texts for Our Lady on Saturday in the psalter section, and moving the canticles for throughout the year to the fromt of the Sunday Nocturn II section. 

Although there is no rubrics section, so you will need to work your way through the notes on the Learn Matins blog, and use an Ordo in conjunction with it, there are clear and useful rubrical prompts throughout.

Physical presentation

The book is well bound, and looks like it will stand up to being propped open on a stand well.

The pages look quite tough, so should stand up better than my poor rather battered breviary!

It is slightly larger than the Antiphonale Monasticum, measuring about 22cm*15cm*5.5cm, and comes in at 1236 pages (compared to around 1289).

But it is significantly heavier, at 1.5 kgs, so will be hard to hold for an hour or two through Matins.

I really hope they will consider printing the psalter section in a separate volume at some point in the near future, as I think as it stands, it would be more practical to use it for the readings only, and use a separate psalter book, which is a shame as the layout is very nice.

It doesn't contain any ribbons though.

A plea for English and the chants...

This is a great book, and a wonderful first step in supporting Matins.

But I really hope it is only the first stage in this project, and the next one will be to provide the chants for Matins.  

I realise most communities recto tono Matins, but its chant repertoire, particularly the responsories, is the richest in the Office, and they really deserve to be revived in my view.

Personally I have a collection of a lot of plastic folders, with cut and paste printouts of things such as the Ordinary chants mostly from Peter Sandhofe's draft Monastic Psalter, psalms downloaded from one of the online psalm pointing aps, and listings of books and page numbers for responsories. I  do hope a day will come when all this is available in a well edited equivalent of the Antiphonale!

And of course, for English speakers, a widely available Latin-English version of Matins would be nice... 

Where to buy...

You can purchase the book through the Le Barroux online bookshop

Rubrics for Ash Wednesday to Saturday before the First Sunday of Lent

I thought it might be timely to post a reminder that although  Ash Wednesday marks the official start of Lent, the Office continues to be said as during the season of Septuagesima, with the following modifications:

• there are Patristic readings at Matins; 

• there are canticle antiphons for Lauds as well as Vespers each day of the week; and

• two collects are provided for each day, the first used from Matins to None (omitting Prime), the second at Vespers only.

Getting ready for Lent!

 Lent is almost upon us, and so it is time to work out what penances you will be undertaking.

St Benedict, you will recall, set up a spiritual regime based on three main planks:

• fasting (chapter 41 of the Rule);
• spiritual reading (chapter 48); and
• extra prayers and austerity (chapter 49).

Can I suggest as part of this, that you consider engaging more deeply with the psalms as part of your Lenten practice?

The psalms as a key to the spiritual life

The book of Psalms is the Church's prayerbook, and the psalms have always played a key role in the spiritual life of the Church, in part because its contents cover prayers for virtually every occasion; in part because they teach a rich set of doctrines, constituting in effect a summary of all the rest of Scripture; and in part because they contain prophesies, both of what was to come in the New Testament, and of what is still to come.

For this reason, they are traditionally the very core of most forms of monastic life.    

Monks were traditionally expected to learn the psalter by heart, a process that often took several years.  

They then continued to engage with the psalms in several ways, such as:

• chanting selected psalms at each of the several 'hours' of the Office each day;
• use of individual verses associated with particular rituals, for example in blessings for meals;
• meditative recitation of some or all of the psalms (the psalter in order, or the Gradual or Penitential psalms for example); and
• lectio divina on the psalms.

Laypeople, of course, will not generally have the time or desire to do all that monks do. Still, engaging in some of these practices at least a little can, I think, be spiritually rewarding for everyone.

So if you don't say the Office at all or regularly, let me encourage you to up your game this Lent, and consider saying some of the psalms each day through Lent, committing to study them, or saying more of the Office than you usually would.

Some options to consider

If you already say some of the Office, perhaps you could say an additional hour?

Or perhaps commit to saying some or all of Psalm 118, the longest, but in my view, also the most beautiful of the Psalms; or perhaps the Penitential or Gradual Psalms?

An alternative is to consider is studying some of the psalms in more detail.  

If you usually say the Office in English, for example, you could decide to learn to say it in Latin for example, or read a good commentary on them such as that of St Augustine.

For those interested in getting a crib for the Latin as well as digging into the meaning of the psalms in more depth, I've previously done several Lenten series, looking at Psalms 118, the Gradual psalms, the Penitential Psalms, and the psalms of Tenebrae.  

This year I plan to resume my series of verse by verse notes on the psalms over at Psallam Domino Blog, looking at Psalms 139 and 140 (Thursday Vespers), so please do consider taking a look at that too.

Nocturnale Monasticum now available from Le Barroux

 

Thank you to those who have alerted me to a new publication available through the Le Barroux online shop, an edition of the Nocturnale Monasticum, providing the Latin texts for Matins.

This a fantastic step forward given that copies of the 1962 (and indeed earlier) monastic breviaries are very hard to come by, and extremely expensive!

I will try and say more once my copy of the book arrives, but for now, the book is the result of a joint project between the monasteries of Le Barroux and Le Garde, and is available in both Latin only and Latin-French versions.

Alas, the book does not seem to contain the chants for Matins, but we can pray (and beg!) for that to be the next stage. 

And of course hope that a Latin-English version might be made publicly available soon as well...

February 2023

Notes on the traditional Benedictine Office for February are set out below. 

Note that the season of Septuagesiamtide starts at Vespers on 4 February, at which point the word alleluia is banished from the Office!

 Those looking for more detailed Ordo notes can purchase the full Ordo through Lulu.

FEBRUARY 2023

 Wednesday 1 February – St Ignatius, Class III 

MD [46]/AM 800; In some monasteries, I Vespers of the Purification, MD [47] ff. 

Thursday 2 February – Purification of the BVM, Class II 

MD [49]/AM 802 ff. 

Friday 3 February – Class IV; St Blase, Memorial 

collect, MD 149-50*/AM 308; for the commemoration at Lauds, MD [52]/AM 805. 

Saturday 4 February – Class IV; Saturday of Our Lady [EF: St Andrew Corsini, Class III] 

Matins to None: MD (129)/AM 714 ff; 1 Vespers of Septuagesima Sunday: MD 153-4*/AM 311. 

Sunday 5 February – Septuagesima Sunday, Class II

MD 154*/AM 312 ff. 

Monday 6 February – Class IV [EF: St Titus, Class III; St Dorothy, Memorial; NZ: Waitangi Day] 

Magnificat antiphon MD 161*/AM 316-7; collect, MD 157-8*/AM 313. 

Tuesday 7 February – St Romuald, Class III 

MD [58]/AM 810. 

Wednesday 8 February – Class IV [Gower: SS John of Matha and Felix of Valois, Memorial; EF: St John of Matha, Class III] 

collect, MD 157-8*/AM 313; Magnificat antiphon MD 161*/AM 317. 

Thursday 9 February – Class IV [EF: St Cyril of Alexandria, Class III; St Apollonis, Memorial] 

collect, MD 157-8*/AM 313; Magnificat antiphon MD 162*/AM 318; If the feast of St Scholastica is Class I (and in some monasteries): 1 Vespers of St ScholasticaMD [59]/AM 812 ff. 

Friday 10 February – St Scholastica, Class II [Class I for monasteries of nuns; Previously: when Class I, with an Octave] 

MD [62]/AM 815 ff. 

Saturday 11 February – Class IV; Saturday of Our Lady [EF/Gower: Our Lady of Lourdes, Class III; Benedictine Confederation: St Benedict of Aniane, Optional Memorial] 

MD (129)/AM 714 ff; 1 Vespers of Sexagesima, MD 162*/AM 318 ff. 

Sunday 12 February – Sexagesima Sunday, Class II

 MD 164*/AM 319 ff. 

Monday 13 February – Class IV 

collect, MD 167*/AM 321; at Vespers, Magnificat antiphon MD 170*/AM 324. 

Tuesday 14 February – Class IV; St Valentine, Memorial [In Europe: SS Cyril and Methodius] 

for the commemoration at Lauds, MD [67]/AM 822; Magnificat antiphon MD 170*/AM 324. 

Wednesday 15 February – Class IV [EF: SS Faustinus and Jovita, Memorial] 

Magnificat antiphon MD 170*/AM 324-5. 

Thursday 16 February – Class IV 

Magnificat antiphon MD 171*/AM 325. 

Friday 17 February – Class IV 

Magnificat antiphon MD 171*/AM 325. 

Saturday 18 February – Class IV; Saturday of Our Lady [Gower: St. Bernadette, Memorial; EF: St Simeon, Memorial] 

MD (129)/AM 714 ff; 1 Vespers of Quinquagesima Sunday, MD 171*/AM 326 ff. 

Sunday 19 February – Quinquagesima Sunday, Class II

 MD 173*/AM 326 ff. 

Monday 20 February – Class IV 

Magnificat antiphon MD 179*/AM 331-2; collect, MD 176*/AM 328 

Tuesday 21 February – Class IV 

Magnificat antiphon MD 179*/AM 332. 

START OF LENT 

Wednesday 22 February – Ash Wednesday, Class I 

MD 180*/AM 332-3. 

Thursday 23 February – Thursday after Ash Wednesday, Class III; St Peter Damian, Memorial 

All as in the psalter for throughout the year and season of Septuagesima, except for three readings and responsories of the day at Matins; versicles, canticle antiphons and collects, MD 181-2*/AM 333-4; for the commemoration at Lauds, MD [73]/AM 827. 

Friday 24 February – St Matthias, Class II 

MD [73-4]/AM 827; for the commemoration of the Lent day at Lauds and Vespers, MD 182-3*/AM 334-5. 

Saturday 25 February – Saturday after Ash Wednesday, Class III [**In some places: St Walburga, Class I] 

Matins to None: MD 183*/AM 335; 1 Vespers of the First Sunday of Lent, MD 184* ff/AM 340. 

Sunday 26 February – First Sunday of Lent, Class I

 MD 186*/AM 341 ff. 

Monday 27 February – Monday in the first week of Lent, Class III [EF: St Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows, Memorial] 

Ordinary of Lent, MD 190*/AM 338 ff; canticle antiphons and collect of the day, MD 195-6*/AM 346. 

Tuesday 28 February – Tuesday in the first week of Lent, Class III 

canticle antiphons and collects, MD 196*/AM 347.

January 2023

 The notes below are a guide to the Benedictine Office in its traditional form, form January 2023.

While the notes generally follow the 1962 calendar and rubrics, some notes on pre-1962 practices have been included both because some of the reforms (such as the abolition of the Octave Days of the sanctoral feasts of the Christmas Octave and the Octave of Epiphany) represent major divergences from tradition, create new problems for the calendar, and because a number of monasteries have revived them. 

 

JANUARY 2023

 Sunday 1 January – Octave Day of the Nativity (Circumcision of the Lord), Class I

 MD 108*/AM 271 ff. 

Monday 2 January – Class IV [EF/In some places: Most Holy Name of Jesus, Class II; Previously: with a commemoration of the Octave of St Stephen); **in some places: St Thomas of Canterbury, Class II] 

MD 119*/AM 273 ff.

Tuesday 3 January – Class IV [Previously: Octave Day of St John] 

Ordinary of the Nativity, MD 119*/AM 273 ff. 

Wednesday 4 January – Class IV; St Titus, Memorial [USA/Gower: St Elizabeth Anne Seton, Class III; Previously: Octave Day of Holy Innocents] 

for the commemoration at Lauds, MD 125-6*/AM 285. 

Thursday 5 January – Class IV [EF: St Telesphorus, Memorial; USA/Gower: St John Neumann, Class III; Previously: Vigil of the Epiphany]

 1 Vespers of the Epiphany, MD 126*/AM 287 ff. 

Friday 6 January – Epiphany of Our Lord, Class I [Previously: with a Privileged Octave of the second order] 

MD 129*/AM 290 ff. 

Saturday 7 January – Class IV; Saturday of Our Lady [Tasmanian Benedictines: Our Lady of Cana, Class I (Patronal feast); Canada: St André Bessette, Class III] 

Matins to None: Office of Our Lady after Christmas; I Vespers of the First Sunday after the Epiphany, MD 140*/AM 301 ff. 

Sunday 8 January – First Sunday after Epiphany/Sunday within the Octave of the Epiphany, Class II [EF: Holy Family, Class I]

 MD 142*/AM 302 ff. 

Monday 9 January – Class IV 

Ordinary of Epiphanytide, collect of the Epiphany, MD 133*/AM 292 ff; Benedictus antiphon for Day II (in the former Octave), MD 135*/AM 298; collect (of the First Sunday after Epiphany), MD 144*/AM 302. 

Tuesday 10 January – Class IV; St Paul the First Hermit, Memorial [Benedictine Confederation: St. Gregory of Nyssa, Optional Memorial] 

Canticle antiphons at Lauds and Vespers for Day III. 

Wednesday 11 January – Class IV [EF: St Hyginus, Memorial] 

Canticle antiphons of Day IV. 

Thursday 12 January – Class IV [**In some places: St Benedict Biscop, Class III; Canada: St Marguerite Bourgeoys, Class III]

Canticle antiphons of Day V. 

Friday 13 January – Commemoration of Our Lord’s Baptism (Octave Day of the Epiphany), Class II 

MD 129*/AM 290 ff. 

START OF TIME THROUGHOUT THE YEAR 

Saturday 14 January – Class IV; Saturday of Our Lady; SS Hilary [EF: Class III] and Felix, Memorials 

Office of Our Lady after Christmas, MD (133-4)/AM 717-8; for the commemorations at Lauds, MD [24-5]/AM 775; I Vespers of the Second Sunday after Epiphany: MD 146*/AM 306 ff. 

Sunday 15 January – Second Sunday after Epiphany, Class II [**In some places, Our Lady of Prompt Succor, Class I; Previously: St Maurus]

MD 146-7*/AM 306. 

Monday 16 January – Class IV; St Marcellus I, Memorial [EF: Class III] 

Collect, MD 147*/AM 306; for the commemoration at Lauds, MD [25]/AM 783. 

Tuesday 17 January – St Antony, Class III 

MD (78)/AM 672 ff; collect of the feast, MD [26]/AM 783. 

Wednesday 18 January – Class IV [EF: St Prisca, Memorial; start of Church Unity Octave; In some places, St Peter's Chair] 

Thursday 19 January – Class IV; SS Marius, Martha, Audifax and Abachum, Memorial 

for the commemoration at Lauds, MD [26]/AM 784. 

Friday 20 January – SS Fabian and Sebastian, Class III 

MD [27]/AM 784. 

Saturday 21 January – St Agnes, Class III (Class II for monasteries of nuns) [**In some places, St Meinrad, Class I] 

Matins to None: of the feast, MD [27]/AM 786 ff; 1 Vespers of Third Sunday after Epiphany, MD 147-8*/AM 307 OR IF Class II, 2 Vespers of the feast with a commemoration of the Sunday. 

Sunday 22 January – Third Sunday after Epiphany, Class II

 MD 148-9*/AM 307. 

Monday 23 January – Class IV; St Emerentiana, Memorial [EF: St Raymond Pennafort, Class III] 

for the commemoration at Lauds, MD [35]/AM 790. 

Tuesday 24 January – Class IV; St Timothy, Memorial 

for the commemoration at Lauds, MD [35–6]/AM 790. 

Wednesday 25 January – Conversion of St Paul, Class III 

MD [36]/AM 792 ff.  

Thursday 26 January – Class IV; St Polycarp, Memorial [EF: Class III; Benedictine Confederation: St Robert, SS Alberic and Stephen, Optional Memorial; Australia Day] 

for the commemoration at Lauds, MD [42-3]/AM 797. 

Friday 27 January – St John Chrysostom, Class III 

MD [43]/AM 797. 

Prime: Antiphon 1 of Lauds of the Common, MD (64)/AM 657. 

Saturday 28 January – Class IV; Our Lady on Saturday; St Cyril of Alexandria, Memorial [EF: St Peter Nolasco, Class III; St Agnes] 

I Vespers of the Fourth Sunday after Epiphany, MD 149-50*/AM 308. 

Sunday 29 January – Fourth Sunday after Epiphany, Class II

MD 149-50*/AM 308. 

Monday 30 January – Class IV [EF: St Martina, Class III] 

Tuesday 31 January – Class IV; St John Bosco, Memorial [Gower: SS John Bosco, Peter Nolasco and Raymond Pennafort, Memorials; EF: Class III] 

for the commemoration at Lauds, MD [45-6]/SupAnt 35.